Highlights
MORE

30 November 2025, Volume 23 Issue 7
  

  • Select all
    |
    Invited Paper
  • An Overview of EMI Research in Flyback Converters
    YAO Juntao, WANG Shuo
    2025, 23(7): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.1
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Flyback converters in consumer and commercial products must adhere to strict regulatory standards for conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI). Managing EMI has become increasingly complex in modern power electronics, particularly with the integration of high-speed wide bandgap (WBG) devices into compact system layouts. A review of established modeling techniques and mitigation strategies for conducted EMI is presented, focusing on differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise, alongside radiated EMI in flyback converters. The discussion encompasses solutions at both component-level design and converter system optimization.
    • DC-AC Inverters
  • Novel Fifteen-switch Three-level Dual-output Inverter Based on Single-leg Independent Model Predictive Current Control
    WANG Guifeng, WANG Jianfei
    2025, 23(7): 17-27. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.17
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Aimed at the problems of a large number of switching devices and complex control strategy for an inverter in the multi-motor drive system of a 800 V high-voltage platform for electric vehicles, a fifteen-switch three-level dual-output inverter is proposed, which simplifies the inverter topology and reduces its cost by device multiplexing. First, a detailed analysis of the proposed inverter topology and working principle is performed, its structural characteristics are summarized, and the effective switching state and maximum voltage stress analysis are given, providing a theoretical basis for the selection of switching devices and system design. Then, a single-leg independent model prediction current control strategy is put forward, and a prediction model of single-leg dual-output port current is established, which effectively reduces the prediction operation under the premise of realizing three-leg independent prediction control and single-leg dual-output current integrated optimal control. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed inverter and its control strategy were experimentally verified based on a Typhoon HIL 402 platform.
  • Active-neutral-point-clamped Seven-level Inverter with Self-balancing and Boost Capabilities
    WANG Lintao, ZENG Jun, LIU Junfeng
    2025, 23(7): 28-35. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.28
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A novel active-neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) seven-level inverter based on the principle of switched- capacitor is proposed in this paper, which employs ten switches, two diodes and one switched-capacitor. With an input amplitude of V'DC the peak output from this topology can reach 1.5VDC through the switched-capacitor. Compared with other APNC inverters, the novel topology has lower switch stress and a higher Boost capability. Without the auxiliary control methods, the voltage-sharing capacitors in the DC link can be self-balanced at 0.5V'DC and the switched- capacitor can be self-balanced at VDC. The operation principle for the proposed topology and the self-balancing mechanism for capacitors are described in detail. Through a comparison with the latest topologies, the advantages of the proposed topology such as fewer components, a higher Boost capability, lower overall voltage stress and a self- balancing capability of capacitors are also demonstrated, showing that it is suitable for distributed generation, electric vehicles and other applications. Finally, the Boost capability of this topology and the self-balancing capability of capacitors were verified by simulation and experimental results.
  • Fast Neutral-point Potential Balancing Control of Three-level NPC Inverter Under High Modulation Depth
    YANG Qing, HUANG Jingtao, GUAN Haiping, JIANG Guangxu, LIU Shuai
    2025, 23(7): 36-44. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.36
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To solve the problem of uncontrollable area of bus neutral-point potential under high modulation depth of conventional virtual space vector pulse-width modulation (VSVPWM), an optimized VSVPWM algorithm was proposed to realize the rapid balance of neutral-point potential in the whole linear modulation area. A virtual medium vector was reconstructed based on the principle of VSVPWM bus neutral-point potential balancing. To ensure the voltage equalization performance of the reconstructed virtual medium vector while improving the adaptability of the algorithm with respect to the perturbation of system parameters, the fuzzy reasoning for the closed-loop control of neutral-point potential was designed to determine the reconstruction factor for optimizing the VSVPWM. Even in the case of asymmetric DC bus capacitance, the optimized VSVPWM can realize rapid voltage equalization control in the full range of the linear modulation region. The algorithm was further simplified in a 60° coordinate system, so that the number of subsector judgment conditions of reference voltage vector and volt-second equilibrium equations can be reduced from 30 to 5. Experimental results show that the proposed control strategy has good performance, the voltage equalization regulation time is significantly reduced, and the steady-state deviation of DC bus neutral-point potential can be controlled within 1.14%. In addition, the total harmonic distortion of grid-connected current is lower compared with that under the conventional VSVPWM.
    • AC-DC Converters
  • Research on Power Characteristics and Active Damping and Decoupling Control of Current Source PWM Rectifier for DC Ice-melting Application
    ZENG Huarong, ZHOU Tianji, YANG Qi, XU Kui, MA Xiaohong, ZHAO Biao
    2025, 23(7): 45-54. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.45
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A current source pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier has advantages of continuously adjustable current and strong capability to limit the short-circuit current, which is suitable for DC ice-melting application. However, it still has problems of a low switching frequency and a low filter cut-off frequency, possibly causing the problem of harmonic amplification. The active and reactive characteristics of the current source PWM converter are studied under constant-current load and constant-resistance load conditions, which is helpful in designing an LC filter to realize the high power factor of the rectifier. On the basis of stability analysis, a controller based on active damping and decoupling control is designed. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional non-decoupling control, the proposed method has better DC transient characteristics, so that it can effectively suppress lower-order harmonic current to eliminate the possible problem of harmonic amplification.
    • Modeling and Control
  • Non-static Error Single-phase Harmonic Extraction Observer
    CAI Yongxiang, WANG Yang, LI Wei, OUYANG Guangze, BAI Hao, HE Xiaomeng
    2025, 23(7): 55-64. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.55
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The rapid and accurate acquisition of harmonic components in the output waveforms from power grid or inverters is of significance for inverter control and harmonic compensation. However, the commonly used method of second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) suffers from the problem of resonance point offset during the discretization process, which affects the separation and extraction accuracy. To solve this question, a technique of non-static error harmonic extraction observer (HEO) which can rapidly and accurately separate and extract harmonics is proposed, whose implementation process can be directly equated to a set of second-order difference equations with a simple structure and easy digital implementation. The principle and performance of the proposed HEO are analyzed in detail, and its performance is compared with that of the conventional SOGI method. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the phenomenon of mutual interference during the observation of multiple harmonics, a cross-suppressed modified HEO method is further put forward, and the corresponding implementation principle and structure are discussed in depth. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of a single- phase system show that the proposed HEO can quickly and accurately separate and extract the fundamental wave and each harmonic component in the single-phase system, with advan- tages of fast response and small observation deviation.
  • Small-signal Modeling and Transient Characteristic Analysis of Multi-output Constant-current Converter
    ZHANG Jingzhang, CHEN Shujun, YU Yue, ZHAO Hongyan, CHENG Bo, YI Rongxian
    2025, 23(7): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.65
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To meet the requirements of new welding process, it is necessary to design a single-power source multi-output constant-current welding power supply. Under this background, a novel converter with constant-current output was designed, which can output dual DC current or single AC current according to the requirements of different welding processes. The working principle for this converter was analyzed in detail, the small-signal models in DC and AC working modes were established respectively on the basis of considering the effect of load current changes on the circuit performance, and the output impedance from the two kinds of output was derived. In addition, the frequency-domain simulations verified the small-signal models, and the load transient response speed of the converter was analyzed. Finally, an experimental prototype was built, and the theoretical analysis was validated by experimental results.
  • Research on Fuzzy Multi-PR Control Strategy for Single-phase PWM Rectifier
    ZHOU Jie, LIAO Dongchu, CAI Huafeng, LIU Haodong, SUN Dejin
    2025, 23(7): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.75
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To reduce the input current harmonic content of a single-phase PWM rectifier and improve the suppression effect on specific low-frequency harmonics in grid-side current, fuzzy multi-PR control based on PR control is studied, so as to solve the problem of influences due to uncertain factors such as constant parameters under multi-PR control, inability to adapt to variations in parameters in the process of control and system disturbance. Finally, the effectiveness of this method was verified by simulations on MATLAB/Simulink and experiments on an experimental platform. Results show that the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce the total distortion rate of grid-side current, and it can also improve the dynamic and anti-interference performance of the system to a certain extent.
  • Adaptive Harmonic Compensation Control Method Based on Input Voltage Detection of Boost PFC Converter
    WANG Chuntao, LIU Xueshan, ZHANG Rongfei, FENG Yujie, ZHOU Qun
    2025, 23(7): 83-95. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.83
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The traditional power factor correction (PFC) converter can only control itself to avoid causing harmonic interference to the power grid, but it cannot improve the total harmonic distortion of current flowing into the power grid at the point of common coupling of local distribution network. To solve this problem, an adaptive harmonic compensation method based on a Boost PFC converter is proposed. By detecting the input voltage and further adding harmonic compensation components to the input current, the harmonic current flowing into the power grid at the point of common coupling can be offset while ensuring the PFC function of the converter. The current controller is designed as a combination of an embedded repetitive control link and single-zero single-pole compensation to achieve small steady-state errors. At the same time, by adding a repetitive controller and a band-pass filter to the reference current signal generation link, a harmonic compensation reference current signal can be generated adaptively under different grid impedance conditions. The small signal modeling method is also used to prove that the input impedance of the PFC converter under the proposed control method is effectively reduced at each harmonic frequency. Finally, a 500 W experimental prototype was built to verify the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis.
  • Research on Optimal Configuration of Distributed Generations Considering Soft Open Point
    ZHANG Jiang, LIU Qian, LI Yulin, CHEN Yilin, JIANG Hang
    2025, 23(7): 96-104. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.96
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The access of high-penetration distributed generations (DGs) poses significant challenges to the operation of active distribution network (ADN). With the consideration of the flexible and efficient regulation capability of soft open point (SOP) in ADN, a three-layer coordinated planning model of DG and SOP was proposed, which was combined with system planning and operation optimization. The planning of DG was determined by maximizing the annual revenue of a DG operator in the upper layer, the planning of SOP was determined by minimizing the annual comprehensive cost of distribution companies in the middle layer, and the system operation condition was optimized by minimizing the loss of distribution network in the lower layer. The scenario analysis technology was utilized to deal with the randomness of DG output, and a hybrid algorithm based on improved grey wolf optimization algorithm and second-order cone programming was put forward to solve the model. Finally, an IEEE 33-node system was taken as an example to verify the feasibility of the planning model and the corresponding solving algorithm.
  • Zero Common-mode Voltage Modulation Strategy for Dual PWM Converter System Based on MPC
    XIA Ye, ZHENG Gongming, ZHANG Hanshu, CHEN Zhixiu
    2025, 23(7): 105-115. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.105
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    At present, there are numerous modulation schemes for eliminating the common-mode voltage. Although the existing zero common-mode voltage modulation scheme does not change the target voltage vector output, it will increase the harmonic content of three-phase current on the motor side and grid side, resulting in total harmonic distortion. To ensure the zero common-mode voltage modulation while reducing the harmonic content of a dual pulse width modulation (PWM) converter system, a model predictive control algorithm based on the dual PWM converter system is proposed. Based on the symmetry of the dual PWM converter system, the PWM strategy has more degrees of freedom, and the zero common-mode voltage modulation can be realized within the range of degrees of freedom. On this basis, an energy model of current harmonics is designed and established, and the modulation strategy with the minimum harmonic content in each control cycle is obtained by model predictive control. Finally, the optimization effect of the proposed algorithm was verified by simulation and experimental results.
    • Renewable Energy System
  • Research on Low-carbon Economic and Optimal Operation of Multi-energy Hub Interconnected Integrated Energy System Based on Cooperative Game
    ZHAO Huirong, LI Cao, DOU Zhenlan, ZHANG Chunyan, PENG Daogang
    2025, 23(7): 116-127. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.116
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To realize the synchronous coordination of economy and low-carbon performance in the development of multiple interconnected integrated energy systems (IESs), a low-carbon economic and optimal operation method for multi-energy hub interconnected IESs based on cooperative game is proposed. First, energy hubs are used to uniformly model the main bodies of each energy station, and a reward and punishment coefficient is introduced to establish a model of reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading mechanism. Second, considering the coordinated operation between various comprehensive energy stations and data privacy, a low-carbon economic and optimal scheduling model of the interconnected system based on the concept of cooperative game is set up, the asymmetric Nash bargaining allocation strategy is adopted to the income distribution according to contribution of each power station, and the alternating direction method of multipliers is combined to solve the model. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed low-carbon economic operation scheme based on cooperative game.
  • MFCS Stacks Allocation Method Based on Minimum LCC
    PEI Fenglai, ZHANG Gang, ZHOU Su
    2025, 23(7): 128-135. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.128
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To address the stacks allocation problem when a single-stack fuel cell system is expanded to a multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS), an MFCS stacks allocation method based on the minimum life-cycle cost (LCC) of stacks is proposed. First, an MFCS stacks allocation optimization model with the minimum LCC as an optimization index is established. Then, the MFCS stacks allocation results under specific application scenarios are solved, and a stacks demand power allocation strategy under the optimal stacks allocation scheme is analyzed. Finally, the advantages of the optimized MFCS stacks allocation scheme in hydrogen usage cost are analyzed. Compared with the traditional MFCS stacks average allocation scheme and the stacks demand power average allocation strategy, the proposed MFCS stacks allocation scheme based on minimum LCC and the corresponding stacks demand power allocation strategy have lower hydrogen usage cost.
  • MPPT Control of Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on AC Reinforcement Learning
    YU Laibao, XIE Xingwang
    2025, 23(7): 136-142. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.136
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Under special conditions such as rapid changes in solar irradiance, local shading or poor solar irradiance, the traditional method will cause a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system to oscillate near the maximum power point (MPP), and the tracking speed will be slow. In serious cases, the PV power generation system will exhibit severe power fluctuations, which will lead to divergence. To solve this problem, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method for PV power generation systems based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed in this paper. The RBF neural network weight coefficient in RL is adjusted online and in real time to adapt to the output control signal, so that the active power output from PV power generation can be quickly tracked to the MPP. A PV power generation system was constructed in MATLAB/Simulink, and a comparison with the conventional RBF neural network control method was performed. Results show that the RL control can make the PV power generation system converge to the MPP stably and accurately in a shorter time. At the same time, the PV power generation system can output the maximum active power.
  • Segmented Evaluation Method for Primary Frequency Regulation Performance of Renewable Energy Stations Based on Measured Data
    BAO Sijia, SHI Zhiming, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Junjun
    2025, 23(7): 143-151. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.143
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In recent years, the proportion of DC transmission and renewable energy power generation has increased rapidly, and the requirement that renewable energy units should participate in the primary frequency regulation of power grid has been gradually introduced into the management rules of various localities. However, the existing evaluation methods for the primary frequency regulation performance of a renewable energy station based on simulated power grid frequency disturbance tests focus on the comprehensive evaluation of primary frequency regulation performance of the station and cannot accurately characterize its initial dynamic characteristics, which are not suitable for the analysis of field measured data. Aimed at this problem, a segmented evaluation method for the primary frequency regulation performance of the station is proposed. Based on the description of the existing evaluation methods for the primary frequency regulation performance of renewable energy stations, the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods are revealed by combining with the analysis results of field fault recording data. Then, according to the dynamic characteristics of primary frequency regulation and the control process of primary frequency regulation of the station, the measured data is analyzed and evaluated in segments to achieve an accurate characterization of primary frequency regulation performance during the whole process. Test results show that the proposed segmented evaluation method can be effectively applied to the analysis of measured data of primary frequency regulation and accurately evaluate the primary frequency regulation performance of the station, providing an alternative scheme for the real-time evaluation of primary frequency regulation performance of renewable energy stations.
  • Research on DC-side Active Voltage Balancing Method for Three-level NPC Active Damper
    WANG Qing, YU Deshuo, YI Hao, ZHUO Fang, LI Yuguo, XIE Yihan
    2025, 23(7): 152-161. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.152
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To maintain the midpoint potential at the time of resonance of a three-level NPC active damper in medium-voltage distribution network, an active voltage balancing method based on second harmonic is proposed. In a three-phase three-wire system, DC voltage balancing control is generally achieved by injecting zero-sequence component into the modulation signal. However, due to the output of small active current from the active damper, the traditional method is difficult to meet the DC voltage balancing requirements when resonance occurs. Therefore, the generation mechanism of offset adjustment current is analyzed, and the balance of midpoint potential is realized by using the inner product structure of secondary component in the absolute value of the modulation signal and the secondary current. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in a pure reactive environment, as well as the rapidity of DC-side voltage balancing control at the moment of resonance.
  • Lightning Induced Overvoltage Protection for PV Array Based on Transient Model of PV Cells
    SUN Xinfeng, LI Mengyuan
    2025, 23(7): 162-170. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.162
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A proper lightning overvoltage protection for photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crucial to their long-term stable operation. The damage caused by lightning induced overvoltage to a PV array is analyzed. The equivalent circuit of the PV array is modelled in the EMTP with the consideration of transient models of PV cells as well as the lightning overvoltage coupling characteristics of PV modules. The values of surge overvoltage across the inverter port and bypass diode and the potential differences between a DC cable and a metallic frame are calculated when lightning stroke the isolated rod, and the protective effects of surge protection device (SPD) and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) under varying waveforms of lightning current are discussed. Results show that if SPDs are only installed at the port of an inverter, induced overvoltage across the inverter port can be suppressed to some extent while the large-amplitude overvoltage may occur across the bypass diode and potential differences may occur between the DC cable and the metallic frame. When SPDs are installed on both sides of the PV string, the overvoltage of all the equipment is significantly suppressed. The amplitude of lightning induced overvoltage is obviously affected by the wave front time of lightning current, and a short wave front time may result in an increase in the amplitude of induced overvoltage. However, a risk of permanent breakdown still exists for the bypass diode in the case of a very short wave front time. It is suggested that SPDs should be installed on both sides of the PV string while adding an extra TVS in parallel with the bypass diode, so as to realize reliable pro- tection for PV array against lightning induced overvoltage.
  • Research on SOFC Thermal Management Method for Submarine Data Center
    JIANG Peng, CHEN Xin, ZHOU Haifeng, CHEN Xingru, ZHENG Dongqiang, HUANG Jinman
    2025, 23(7): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.171
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Thermal management is an important technology for ensuring the normal operation of submarine data centers. Aimed at the special working environment of a submarine data center, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is used as its emergency power source, and an SOFC thermal management system model with seawater as the only coolant is improved. Then, the total heat dissipation model and dynamic thermal model of SOFC are established, the fuzzy control strategy used for SOFC is optimized by a genetic algorithm, and the implementation effects of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II) and other algorithms are compared based on MATLAB. Finally, the temperature distribution and average current density of the power stack under different voltages are analyzed in simulation experiments. Experimental results verify that the improved thermal management method can effectively improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the SOFC system in the submarine data center and ensure its safe operation, which is helpful for improving the operation stability of the submarine data center.
  • Integrated Energy Microgrid Source-load Coordinated Optimal Scheduling Based on Two-stage Robust Game
    CHEN Lefei, ZHU Ziwei, HU Jiafeng, QIU Bin, WEN Quanwei
    2025, 23(7): 181-190. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.181
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    An integrated energy microgrid (IEM) source-load coordinated optimal scheduling method based on master-slave game and two-stage robust optimization is proposed. First, a master-slave game model is constructed with the IEM operator as a leader and the users as followers, taking into account the demand response on the load side. Second, considering the uncertainty of wind power output, a two-stage robust game model for IEM source-load is established, in which a master-slave model between source and load is carried out at the first stage and the worst wind power output scenario is solved at the second stage. Finally, the Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) condition is used to transform the first-stage two-layer game problem into a single-layer linearized problem, and the overall two-stage robust optimization problem is solved by a nested column and constraint generation algorithm. Results show that the proposed two-stage robust game model can achieve an equilibrium of benefit between source and load, which effectively copes with the impact of new energy uncertainty.
  • Distributed Design and Optimization of Microgrid Optimization Scheduling Model Based on Ecological Game Thinking
    RONG Shimin, WANG Cong, LUO Diansheng, WU Bin, ZHAO Jie, AN Jiakun
    2025, 23(7): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.191
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The scheduling model based on a microgrid virtual distributed cloud energy storage ecosystem can solve the problem of random analysis caused by power distribution and effectively reduce the electricity consumption cost, which has distinct advantages compared with the traditional distributed energy storage system. In this paper, through the introduction of a concept of natural ecosystem to the distributed energy storage system, the operators are added to the microgrid system, forming the users under the cloud energy storage system, operators, microgrid system operators, and a dynamic energy storage system with the conventional load agent design. By dispatching the electrical energy in the microgrid and the cloud energy storage system in real-time, the electricity consumption cost in the virtual distributed cloud energy storage system is reduced, and the power load curve is optimized, thus realizing a dynamic multi-entity balance in the game model and benefits as well.
    • Power Quality
  • Quantitative Analysis of Mechanism and Influencing Factors for Voltage Sag Caused by Large-capacity Motor Start-up
    FANG Zheng, HUANG Yunhui, XI Yunfeng, TANG Jinrui, WANG Dong, ZHOU Keliang
    2025, 23(7): 200-209. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.200
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To solve the problems related to the safety and stability of regional power grids which are caused by the start-up of large-capacity motors, the mechanism and influencing factors of voltage sag caused by large-capacity motor start-up are studied. First, the dynamic process of large-capacity motor start-up and the mechanism of voltage sag are analyzed in detail, and the quantitative characterization of the severity of voltage sag is conducted using evaluation indexes. Then, the start-up of large-capacity motors in a petrochemical enterprise’s regional power grid is taken as an example, and a time-domain model based on ETAP is established to verify the theoretical analysis of voltage sag caused by large-capacity motor start-up. Finally, the influencing factors of voltage sag caused by large-capacity motor start-up are quantitatively analyzed. The influences of start-up transformer capacity and grid strength on voltage sag are studied, and a comparative analysis of voltage sag indexes for different combinations of multi-motor simultaneous start-up and different start-up modes is conducted. The research results provide a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of voltage sag accidents caused by the start-up of large-capacity motors.
    • Wireless Power Transfer
  • Research on Bidirectional Wireless Charging System and Control Technology for Electric Vehicles
    WANG Jinming, HU Yue, YU Changhong, HU Chao, LI Haipan
    2025, 23(7): 210-217. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.210
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The wireless charging technology for electric vehicles has been widely studied and applied owing to its advantages of small footprint, convenience and flexibility, low maintenance cost and strong interaction with power grid. A bidirectional wireless charging system for electric vehicles based on the dual phase shift (DPS) control strategy is proposed. Through the DPS control strategy, the phase shift angle on the primary and secondary sides is changed to change the output power. By changing the phase angle difference between voltages on the primary and secondary sides, the energy flow direction is changed, and the function of “peak shaving and valley filling” is realized eventually. First, the architecture of the bidirectional wireless charging system for electric vehicles based on the DPS control strategy is presented, and its working mode and principle are analyzed. Second, the control strategy for the bidirectional wireless charging system is described in detail, and the output power and direction of the system are adjusted by changing the phase shift angle on the primary and secondary sides, as well as the phase angle difference between voltages on the primary and secondary sides. Third, the working principle for the system and the control method to realize bidirectional charging are analyzed. Finally, a simulation model was built in MATLAB, and experimental verification was carried out. Results show that the designed bidirectional wireless charging system can achieve bidirectional energy transmission, satisfying control performance and good symmetry of positive and negative charging.
    • Electric Machine System and Control
  • Online Parameter Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Affine Projection Algorithm
    WANG Zhaodong, HU Xuan, MEI Lixue, WANG Faliang
    2025, 23(7): 218-228. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.218
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Due to the rank deficiency of identification models, parameter coupling exists in the online identification of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To realize the parameter decoupling identification, an adaptive parameter identification algorithm based on the affine projection algorithm is proposed. By injecting instantaneous flux-weakening current signal on the d axis, the online decoupling identification of parameters such as the stator resistance, inductance and rotor flux linkage of a surface mounted PMSM is realized. Considering the nonlinear voltage drop caused by the dead-zone time of an inverter, turn-on and turn-off delay of switches, freewheeling diode saturated voltage drop, etc., a parameter identification model which is not affected by nonlinear voltage drop is constructed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the identification accuracy of stator resistance, inductance and rotor flux linkage while speeding up the convergence rate of online identification.
  • PMSM Model Predictive Torque Control Based on Dual-sliding-mode Observer
    LI Jichao, LI Jian, ZHANG Binbin, CHEN Chaobo, GAO Song
    2025, 23(7): 229-237. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.229
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To address the issue that the conventional model predictive torque control algorithm for a permanent magnet synchronous motor relies on position sensors, a model predictive torque control approach based on a dual- sliding-mode observer is proposed. First, to accomplish the sensorless control, the real-time speed in the prediction model is substituted by the observed speed by coupling the back electromotive force sliding-mode observer with the optimized quadrature phase-locked loop. Second, the stator flux sliding-mode observer is used to observe the stator flux, and the observed flux introduces prediction error through feedback correction to obtain the prediction torque and flux with higher accuracy, thus improving the prediction speed and accuracy of the model predictive torque control system. By contrasting the MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental platform with the conventional model predictive torque control approach incorporating position sensors, the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed method are confirmed.
  • Research on Subsection Synchronous Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Strategy and Switching Method
    ZHANG Jiabo, ZHANG Xinyu, SUN Wei, LIN Xianqi, YANG Qilin
    2025, 23(7): 238-246. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.238
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The high-power traction inverter allows for a lower switching frequency. To improve the output performance of a system, synchronous space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategies are usually used in the medium-speed range, and four synchronous modulation strategies with different performances can be flexibly implemented based on the number and positions of sampling points, as well as the sampling point vector action order. Under this background, the basic principle of four synchronous SVPWM strategies is summarized at first, with a focus on the smooth and shock-free switching method between different frequency-division and different modulation strategies. Second, to address the issue of fundamental phase discontinuity between the boundary sampling strategy and other modulation strategies during the switching, a method is proposed to split the original sampling sector and further reassemble into a new sector, which not only achieves phase continuity but also makes the setting of carrier wave ratio more flexible. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.
    • Battery and Energy Storage
  • Research Status of Non-flow Through Water Management Technology for Space Fuel Cells
    WEN Chen, FENG Lei, WANG Jingrun, CUI Qingxin, WAN Cheng’an
    2025, 23(7): 247-252. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.247
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Due to the influence of microgravity in space, the water management of fuel cells in space is quite different from that on the ground. To meet the application requirements of space reliability and lightweight fuel cell stacks, the non-flow through water management technology is applied to space fuel cell stacks, thereby significantly optimizing the stack structure and reducing the corresponding size and weight. In this paper, the principle for the non-flow through technology, influencing factors of non-flow through, stack structures and research status of the non-flow through technology are reviewed, providing reference for the design of space fuel cell stacks and research on non-flow through water management.
  • Review of Data-driven Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Lithium-ion Batteries
    LI Yin, WANG Jianfeng, MO Weiquan, ZHANG Xili
    2025, 23(7): 253-265. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.253
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is critical to the safe and reliable operation of new energy vehicles. First, the research status of data-driven methods for predicting the RUL of lithium-ion batteries is analyzed in this paper, and the research progress in six commonly used data-driven methods is reviewed. Then, three problems existing in the practical applications of RUL prediction of lithium-ion batteries at present are summarized. At the same time, the issue of battery dataset collection is discussed comprehensively, and the importance of battery datasets to the development of data-driven methods is also elaborated upon. Finally, the development trend in the future is prospected.
  • Phase Field Method for Simulation of Fracture of Silicon Anode in Lithium-ion Batteries
    ZHANG Ke, LIU Jing, FANG Ranran, WANG Wei
    2025, 23(7): 266-273. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.266
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In the phase field fracture method, the crack is represented by defining an order parameter, and the governing equation describing the crack development is obtained by using the minimum energy variational principle for the system. In this paper, the framework of phase field theory was established through the derivation of governing equations, including the establishment of phase field fracture damage evolution equation and boundary conditions based on the energy principle. Tensile and shear simulations were carried out on a plate with a notch, and the fracture path and support reaction were in good agreement with the results reported in the literature. The crack propagation of lithium-ion batteries with different diameters of silicon anode during charging was simulated using the phase field method. Results show that the large-diameter (400 nm) silicon particles quickly exhibit crack during charging due to the large tensile stress on their surfaces, and the crack propagates inwards. The fracture energy release rate has a great influence on the crack propagation, and a small energy release rate results in more crack initiation points and a high crack density. In comparison, internal fracture appears in small-diameter (100 nm) silicon particles during charging, and the fracture time is earlier than that of large-sized silicon particles.
  • Study on Thermal Management of Lithium-ion Battery Based on PCM-fin Reinforced Heat Transfer Structure
    LU Ling, WANG Binbin, HU Jian, QIN Peng
    2025, 23(7): 274-282. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.274
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    To overcome the shortcomings of phase change materials (PCM) such as a low coefficient of heat conductivity, a novel axial extended corrugated fin is designed to improve the heat dissipation performance of lithium-ion batteries. Subsequently, the effects of the types of fins, convective heat transfer coefficient, number of fins, extended fin length and ambient temperature on the heat dissipation performance of batteries are studied by simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results demonstrate that the introduction of corrugated fins can improve the heat dissipation performance of lithium-ion batteries. Compared with the traditional trapezoidal fins, the corrugated fins can further reduce the maximum temperature of batteries by 1.7 °C. In addition, the heat dissipation performance of batteries is improved by increasing the heat transfer coefficient, as well as the number and extended length of fins. With a trade-off between the cooling performance of the heat dissipation model and its weight, the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the lithium-ion battery are 39.9 °C and 4 °C respectively when the convective heat transfer coefficient, the number of fins and fin length separately take their optimal values of 35 W/m2K, 8 and 15 mm. Moreover, when the ambient temperature rises from 25 °C to 30 °C, the maximum temperature of the battery is 46 °C, which still remains within a safe range, indicating that the thermal management system presents good thermal stability.
  • Parameter Identification of Lithium Battery Model Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
    ZHAO Jiacheng, SUN Jian, XU Hongwei
    2025, 23(7): 283-293. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.283
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The parameter identification accuracy of a lithium battery model is of significance for the development of a battery management system. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of parameter identification, a multi-step parameter identification method for the electrochemical-thermal coupling model of lithium battery is proposed in combination with the Arrhenius law, which uses the whale optimization algorithm improved by oppositional learning strategy and Levy mutation. In this method, constant-current data at 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ are adopted for parameter identification, and constant-current and dynamic working conditions are used to verify the identification results. Simulation and experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error of parameters is reduced by 7.2%, the maximum root mean square error of voltage predicted by the model is 26 mV and that of temperature is 0.4 ℃, indicating that the multi-step parameter identification method using the whale optimization algorithm based on oppositional learning strategy and Levy mutation can efficiently identify parameters.
  • Prediction of Remaining Useful Life of Lithium-ion Battery Based on Source-domain Battery Iterations Module and LSTM Neural Network
    WANG Zipeng, HUANG Kai, SUN Kai, Li Senmao
    2025, 23(7): 294-303. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.294
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of lithium-ion batteries is an important part of battery health management. To improve the accuracy of RUL prediction, a battery RUL prediction method based on the fusion of source-domain battery iterations module (SIM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed. First, multiple batteries with known degradation trends are used as source-domain batteries, and their full-life capacity degradation data is used to construct an SIM to obtain the optimal LSTM pre-training model. Second, the pre-training model is transferred to the target-domain and further fine-tuned using the target-domain training set. Finally, the fine-tuned LSTM pre-training model is used for the capacity prediction task of the target-domain battery and completes the RUL prediction. Three open-source datasets were used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Results show that the RUL prediction error of this algorithm is less than 2 cycles for the same type of source-domain and target-domain batteries. For different battery types, the RUL prediction error is less than 10 cycles except for 20% of the starting points for prediction, indicating a high level of prediction accuracy.
  • Convolutional Neural Network Based on U-Net Structure for Lithium-ion Battery SOC Estimation
    JIN Mingxu, CHEN Jianan, CHEN Yuhao, XU Han, FAN Xinyuan
    2025, 23(7): 304-312. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.304
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The state-of-charge (SOC) is key to the safe operation and energy management of electric vehicles. The traditional SOC estimation algorithm based on Kalman filter and recurrent neural network requires a period of data to ensure the convergence of estimation results and cannot accurately estimate the SOC value near the starting point. A convolutional neural network SOC estimation method using U-Net structure is proposed, which can deal with variable-length input data and output the equal-length SOC estimation results. Meanwhile, it can also accurately estimate SOC at the starting point. In addition, a full-variance loss function is put forward, which can improve the estimation stability only by optimizing the loss function without increasing the model complexity and significantly reduce the maximum error. This model is trained with dynamic driving cycle data under five constant-temperature conditions, and the SOC estimation results are highly accurate under both the constant-temperature and variable-temperature conditions. Under the constant-temperature condition, the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of SOC estimation were within 1.1% and 1.4%, respectively. Under the variable-temperature condition, the MAE and RMSE were within 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively.
  • Construction of Thermoelectric Coupling Model for Lithium- ion Batteries Based on BP Neural Network and DP Equivalent Circuit
    DU Huanlun, LI Zhefan, SHI Qionglin, JIANG Kai
    2025, 23(7): 313-320. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.313
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Owing to the advantages of lithium-ion batteries such as high energy density, long service life and low internal resistance, they have been widely applied to the fields of electric vehicles and energy storage. During their utilization process, their temperature will increase due to the internal chemical reactions. However, the traditional equivalent circuit model of batteries based on the voltage and current characteristics does not consider the thermal process, which cannot satisfy the precision requirement for battery models in practical applications. To solve this problem, a construction method for high-precision thermoelectric coupling model with measurable parameters is proposed. First, a thermal model of batteries based on back propagation neural networks is established using the Bayesian regularization method, and the battery surface temperature under different charge and discharge conditions is obtained. Then, the obtained characteristics of battery temperature are further input into a dual-polarization equivalent circuit model, so as to construct a thermoelectric coupling model of lithium-ion batteries. Compared with the traditional equivalent circuit model method which does not take into account the thermal effect, the established model can more accurately predict the changes in the temperature, capacitance and internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries with time, with an average reduction of 44.395% in output voltage error.
    • Power Semiconductor Devices
  • Active Thyristor Overvoltage Triggering Circuit Based on Integrated Operational Amplifier
    LI Xin, LI Longquan, YAO Pengfei, CHEN Yingjie, CHEN Wu
    2025, 23(7): 321-329. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.321
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Breakover diode (BOD) has become a commonly used solution for thyristor overvoltage protection owing to its excellent volt-ampere and temperature characteristics. At present, high-voltage BOD is mainly monopolized by some foreign companies. To solve the bottleneck problem, a high-speed overvoltage triggering circuit without BOD is proposed, which uses a high-speed signal processing and amplification circuit consisting of components such as operational amplifiers and output transformer less (OTL) complementary symmetric amplification circuits to achieve fast overvoltage detection and protection. Finally, an experimental platform of 1 200 V thyristor overvoltage triggering circuit was built in the laboratory. Moreover, a comparison with the BOD triggering scheme fully verified the accuracy, speed and reliability of the proposed scheme.
  • IGBT Junction Temperature Extraction Method Based on Novel Composite Observer
    HUANG Chengyang, SUN Jianping, XIE Chuan, ZOU Jianxiao
    2025, 23(7): 330-337. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.330
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Extracting the junction temperature of an insulate-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module is an essential part for its health monitoring and lifetime evaluation. The commonly used open-loop observer suffers from a lack of disturbance rejection capability, while the closed-loop scheme is infeasible since the states of a heat transfer system are not completely observable. Therefore, a composite observer suitable for online IGBT junction temperature extraction is proposed, where a closed-loop part is built therein via the observable states and the residual unobservable states construct an open-loop part. Aimed at an H-bridge inverter constructed with FF225R12ME4 IGBT chip, the design procedure of the composite observer is given in detail. Finally, real-time simulations of the composite observer were conducted on a hardware-in-loop (HiL) system, i.e., dSPACE DS1202. The HiL simulation results verified the superiority of the proposed composite observer in suppressing the effect of loss calculation errors on the estimation accuracy over the conventional open-loop observer.
  • Active Drive Technology Based on Resonant Drive
    CHEN Yihua, PENG Han, XIN Qing
    2025, 23(7): 338-348. https://doi.org/10.13234/j.issn.2095-2805.2025.7.338
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The research on the driving technology for SiC devices has always been a hot issue for scholars both at home and abroad. The existing active drive technology realizes the regulation of switching transient by changing the drive resistance, drive voltage or current. It requires many components, and the drive board is bulky and costly. Therefore, a full-bridge active drive technology based on resonant drive is proposed. By switching on and off the drive switch tube only, different drive circuits are constructed to form different drive currents, thus realizing the switch transient adjustment. First, the 1/4-period full-bridge resonant drive is taken as a reference drive mode for the power tube. Then, a specific design method for active drive switch timing is given by analyzing various stages during the switching on process of the power tube. Finally, through simulations and experimental verification, it is found that the drive mode can reduce 87.0% of current overshoot during the switching on process and 4.2% of voltage overshoot during the switching off process, and it can also achieve flexible speed regulation in a wide range of specific stages.
Volume 23 Issue 7
30 November 2025
Supervised by:
China Association for Science and Technology
Sponsored by:
China Power Supply Society
National Ocean Technology Center
Edited by: Editorial Department of JOURNAL OF POWER SUPPLY
Distribution in China: Local Post Offices or Online subscription
Editor-in-Chief: Jiaxin Han
Acting Editor-in-Chief: Xinbo Ruan
Co-Editor-in-Chief: Xiong Du and Wu Chen
Editorial Manager: Guozhen Chen
CN: 12-1420/TM
ISSN: 2095-2805
Postal Code in China: 6-273
International Postal Code: BM8665
News
MORE
Download
MORE
Links
MORE
Visited
    Total visitors:
    Visitors of today:
    Now online:
津公网安备12010402000979号　
津ICP备11001756号-5
Copyright © Journal of Power Supply, All Rights Reserved.
Address：16th Floor, Datong Building, No.467 Huanghe Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China　
Post Code：300110
Tel: 022-27686327　
Fax: 022-27687886　E-mail: jops@cpss.org.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd.