Battery technology serves as the core of pure and hybrid electric vehicle(EV) technologies, and it exerts a direct influence on the performances of EVs, for instance, distance per charge, acceleration, loading capacity, adaptability in extreme environment, security, stability, high efficiency, and service life. In this paper, the status quo of the key technologies of non-rechargeable and storage batteries in the industrialization process of EVs(including hybrid EVs) are mainly introduced. Based on the development timeline of battery technology, the technologies of lead-acid, nickel, and lithium batteries, together with their latest applications in EVs, are summarized. Additionally, the achievements and applications of novel battery technologies, e.g., sodium-nickel chloride and zinc-air batteries, are also summarized. Finally, the existing problems and development trend of various battery technologies are pointed out.